Itoh Peonies vs Tree Peonies: Key Differences and Similarities

Peonies are some of the most beautiful and iconic flowers that can brighten up any garden. With their large, lush blooms and sweet fragrance, peonies have captivated gardeners for centuries. Two popular types of peonies are itoh peonies and tree peonies, and while they share some similarities, there are also some key differences between the two. In this article, we’ll explore the unique traits of itoh and tree peonies to help you decide which one is right for your garden.

An Overview of Itoh and Tree Peonies

Itoh peonies, also known as intersectional peonies, are a hybrid cross between herbaceous peonies and tree peonies. They were first bred in the 1950s by Japanese horticulturist Toichi Itoh. Itoh peonies combine desirable qualities from both parents, resulting in strong, lush plants with gorgeous blooms.

Tree peonies have been cultivated in China and Japan for centuries. Unlike herbaceous peonies, tree peonies have woody stems that persist through winter. Tree peonies tend to grow taller, up to 5 feet, compared to the shorter 2-3 foot itoh peonies. Both produce flowers in late spring to early summer.

Key Differences Between Itoh and Tree Peonies

While itoh and tree peonies share some traits there are a few notable differences between these two types

• Growth habit: Itoh peonies are herbaceous, meaning they die back to the ground each winter. Tree peonies have woody stems that persist over winter.

• Height: Tree peonies grow significantly taller, up to 5 feet, while itoh peonies typically reach 2-3 feet tall.

• Bloom time: Itoh peonies tend to bloom slightly later in the season than tree peonies. Tree peonies bloom in late April to early May, while itoh peonies bloom in May and June.

• Flowers Itoh peonies flowers tend to be slightly smaller than tree peony blooms, but they produce more flowers per plant.

• Fragrance: Tree peonies are celebrated for their intense, sweet fragrance. Itoh peonies have a lighter, more subtle scent.

• Cold hardiness: Itoh peonies are generally hardier and can withstand colder winter temperatures than tree peonies.

• Dividing: Itoh peonies are divided and propagated like herbaceous peonies. Tree peonies are grafted onto rootstock to propagate.

• Price: Due to their woody growth and intensive propagation method, tree peonies are typically more expensive to purchase than itoh peonies.

Key Similarities Between Itoh and Tree Peonies

While itoh and tree peonies have some distinct differences, they also share common traits:

• Large, lush flowers: Both produce absolutely stunning blooms up to 7-10 inches across.

• Wide variety: They come in a diverse range of flower colors like pink, red, white, yellow, coral, and purple.

• Low maintenance: When planted in the right spot, both are relatively low maintenance plants.

• Long-lived: With proper care, tree and itoh peonies can live for decades or even up to 100 years.

• Deer and pest resistant: Deer and rabbits tend to leave peonies alone, and they have few pest problems.

• Good cut flowers: The large blooms of both types make beautiful cut flowers that can last up to two weeks in a vase.

• Attractive foliage: Their lush green leaves provide nice structure and interest beyond just the flowering period.

Tips for Growing Itoh and Tree Peonies

Here are some tips to grow healthy, thriving itoh and tree peonies:

• Plant in full sun in well-drained, nutrient rich soil. They love clay loam soil.

• Give them plenty of space to grow – at least 3-4 feet between plants.

• Plant tree peonies with the graft union 2-3 inches below soil. Itoh should be planted just 1 inch deep.

• Water regularly the first year, then mature plants need little watering except during droughts.

• Apply a balanced fertilizer or compost in early spring. Avoid high nitrogen fertilizers.

• Stake tall tree peonies while in bloom to prevent flopping.

• Tree peonies benefit from winter protection like burlap wraps in cold climates.

• Divide congested itoh peonies every 3-5 years in autumn to maintain vigor.

• Watch for botrytis blight and apply fungicides at first sign of disease.

Choosing Between Itoh and Tree Peonies for Your Garden

When deciding between itoh and tree peonies, consider your climate and garden conditions. Itoh peonies thrive in zones 3-8, while tree peonies need zone 5-9. Itoh peonies are great for colder regions.

The taller tree peonies make a dramatic specimen plant, while lower growing itoh peonies work nicely along borders or walkways. Itoh peonies bloom slightly later for those wanting an extended peony display.

Gardeners seeking extremely fragrant flowers may prefer tree peonies over the lighter scented itohs. However, itoh peonies bloom much more prolifically with up to 50 blooms on a mature plant.

In the end, both types of peonies make stunning additions to any garden. With their diversity, elegance, and multi-season appeal, you really can’t go wrong with incorporating these iconic beauties into your outdoor space.